Proportions of melanocyte stimulating hormone-immunoreactive cells in the adenohypophysis of Silky fowl and hyperpigmentation-free cockerels

Alpha‐melanocyte stimulating hormone (α‐MSH) is one of the main regulators for melanocytes, and the adenohypophysis is one of the major tissues for the synthesis of this hormone. The Silky fowl is a characteristic breed of chicken with hyperpigmentation throughout the body. The involvement of the adenohypophysis in the hyperpigmentation of this breed is not known. In the present study, the proportion of melanocyte stimulating hormone‐immunopositive cells (MSH cells) in the adenohypophysis was immunocytochemically compared between Silky, Red Cornish × New Hampshire (RN) crossbred and Japanese bantam cockerels at 15 weeks of age. After the body and gland were weighed, the adenohypophyseal cells were enzymatically dispersed and immunostained for α‐MSH, and the immunopositive MSH cells were counted. The weights of the body and adenohypophysis were heaviest in the RN crossbred, followed by the Silky and lightest in the bantam cockerels. In contrast, the ratio between adenohypophysis and bodyweight was much larger in the Silky and the bantam than in the RN crossbreed (P < 0.05). The population of MSH cells in the adenohypophysis was larger in the Silky (14.3%) than in the RN crossbreed (8.0%) and the bantam (8.1%) cockerels (P < 0.05). From these results, it was concluded that prepubertal Silky cockerel have numerous MSH cells in the adenohypophysis suggesting a relationship to hyperpigmentation.     

乌骨鸡的研究进展及产品开发

论述了我国乌骨鸡的研究现状及其产品开发情况 ,旨在促进乌骨鸡养殖业的发展     

家鸡蛋壳组织结构的扫描电镜观察

用扫描电子显微技术对家鸡蛋壳结构进行研究的结果，进一步直观形象地丰富了我们在这个领域的知识。     

Response of Chickens to Infection with Newcastle Disease Virus Isolated from a Guinea Fowl

An isolate of Newcastle disease virus obtained from a guinea fowl was characterized as a viscerotropic velogenic strain based upon pathogenicity index studies. Following inoculation of the viral isolate oronasally into 3-week-old chickens, clinical signs appeared after an incubation period of 4–5 days and included dullness, depression, dyspnoea, diarrhoea and leg paralysis. The virus caused a mortality of 56% with haemorrhages at the tip of the glands of the proventriculus and caecal tonsil. Histopathological changes were prominent in the lymphoid organs, being characterized by depletion, degeneration and necrosis of the lymphoid tissues. The brain was the first organ affected, with changes being noticed 3 days after infection. Isolation of virus from various organs was more frequent from 5 to 10 days after infection, but the virus persisted in some of the organs until 21 days after infection. In spite of the high mortality, a good immune response was elicited by the isolate, as was evident from the antibody titre.     

乌鸡黑色素在果蝇体内排铅解毒的研究

以黄体果蝇为实验动物,研究2种乌鸡黑色素添加水平(0.02mg/mL和0.2mg/mL)对果蝇在高铅(2mg/mL)条件下平均寿命和体内铅含量的影响。结果表明:乌鸡黑色素能显著提高果蝇的平均寿命(P<0.05),延寿率达70.2%和54.9%。与阳性对照(1262.0±363.1)μg/g相比,添加0.2mg/mL黑色素能显著(P<0.05)降低果蝇体内铅含量(949.7±38.4)μg/g达32.9%。因此,乌鸡黑色素对果蝇具有一定排铅解毒作用。     

藏鸡的现状及利用

藏鸡是一种体型较小、胸腿发达、快羽 ,适宜于高寒、低压、缺氧高海拔地区的地方优良品种 ,素以觅食能力强 ,极耐粗放 ,体小肉多、肉质细嫩鲜美而著称 ,是高海拔地区养禽业中的当家品种。针对藏鸡生产、繁育的现状和不足 ,分析其制约因素 ,研究搞好藏鸡繁育与饲养的综合配套技术以及藏鸡可持续开发利用的战略对策 ,无疑具有现实的指导意义和长远的理论意义     

禽霍乱蜂胶灭活疫苗对雏鸡免疫试验

本文报告不同剂量禽霍乱蜂胶灭活疫苗对雏鸡免疫的安全性和效果，按雏难的日龄分成Ⅰ组，Ⅱ组，Ⅲ组，Ⅳ组共４组。结果，Ⅰ组接种０．３ｍｌ，０．４ｍｌ，０．５ｍｌ苗的鸡反应率分别为１６．７４％，１６．７６，１７．７９％，免疫后３个月统计，死亡率分别为３．０９％，２．８５％，２．８９％。Ⅱ组接种０．３ｍｌ，０．５ｍｌ，０．７ｍｌ苗的反应率分别为１２．８２％，１３．８３％，１６．２６％，死亡率分别为４．２９％     

26~45日龄竹丝鸡饲粮粗蛋白质需要量研究

【目的】 研究饲粮粗蛋白质水平对26~45日龄竹丝公鸡生长性能、胴体性状和血清生化指标的影响,为此生长阶段粗蛋白质精准供给提供理论基础。【方法】 1 625只26日龄竹丝肉公鸡根据体重一致原则分为5个处理组,每个处理组5个重复,每个重复65只鸡,各处理组饲粮粗蛋白质水平依次为18.5％、19.5％、20.5％、21.5％和22.5％,试验期20 d。每个重复于试验结束当天挑选接近平均体重的2只鸡屠宰,制备血清和分割屠体,测定胴体性状和血清生化指标。【结果】 ①饲粮粗蛋白质水平极显著影响肉鸡终末体重、平均日增重和料重比(P<0.01),随着粗蛋白质水平的升高,终末体重和平均日增重呈线性和二次曲线升高(P<0.01),料重比呈线性和二次曲线降低(P<0.01)。饲粮粗蛋白质水平对肉鸡平均日采食量和成活率无显著影响(P>0.05)。②饲粮粗蛋白质水平显著或极显著影响肉鸡屠宰率(P<0.01)、半净膛率(P<0.01)和全净膛率(P<0.05),但对胸肌率、腿肌率和腹脂率无显著影响(P>0.05),且屠宰率和半净膛率随粗蛋白质水平的升高呈线性和二次曲线降低(P<0.01或P<0.05)。③饲粮粗蛋白质水平极显著影响肉鸡血清胰岛素样生长因子1(IGF-1)和胆固醇(TC)含量(P<0.01),且TC含量随粗蛋白质水平的升高呈线性降低(P<0.05)。饲粮粗蛋白质水平对肉鸡血清尿素氮(BUN)和甘油三酯(TG)含量无显著影响(P>0.05)。【结论】 饲粮21.5％粗蛋白质水平可改善肉鸡生长性能,19.5％~20.5％粗蛋白质水平可改善胴体性状,18.5％粗蛋白质水平可调节脂代谢。根据二次曲线模型估测,建议此生长阶段竹丝鸡饲粮粗蛋白质水平为21.41％~21.83％,可获得最佳生长性能。     

珍珠鸡蛋与海兰褐鸡蛋蛋品质及营养成分比较分析

珍珠鸡是从国外引进,经人工驯养育成的一个特色品种,其蛋用性能获得了显著进展,为加快蛋产品的开发力度,增加其附加价值,对珍珠鸡蛋和海兰褐鸡蛋蛋品质及营养成分进行比较分析。试验随机抽取新鲜珍珠鸡蛋、海兰褐鸡蛋各100枚,测定其蛋外、内在品质及主要营养成分,采用Duncan新复极差法、皮尔逊相关系数进行比较分析。研究表明,在外部品质方面,海兰褐鸡蛋蛋重高于珍珠鸡蛋15.54g（35.61%）,有极显著差异（P〈0.01）;珍珠鸡蛋蛋壳厚度比海兰褐鸡蛋的蛋壳厚0.14mm（40%）,差异极显著（P〈0.01）;由于蛋重的差异,两种鸡蛋蛋黄比例、蛋白比例、蛋壳比例也均有极显著差异（P〈0.01）。在内在品质方面,两种鸡蛋蛋清pH、蛋黄高度、蛋黄系数均无明显差异;珍珠鸡蛋浓蛋白高度比海兰褐鸡蛋的低3.02mm,有极显著差异（P〈0.01）;浓蛋白系数比海兰褐的高0.87,有显著差异（P〈0.05）;珍珠鸡蛋蛋黄颜色比海兰褐鸡蛋的颜色大一个罗氏比色值,有显著差异（P〈0.05）。在营养成分上,以g/枚为单位,珍珠鸡蛋的主要营养成分除胆固醇高于海兰褐鸡蛋外,其他均低于海兰褐鸡蛋。以g/100g为单位,珍珠鸡蛋水分含量明显低于海兰褐鸡蛋,相差12.62（20.21%）,差异极显著（P〈0.01）,脂肪含量也低于海兰褐鸡蛋,差异显著（P〈0.05）,相差1.34（4.4%）,其它营养成分均高于海兰褐鸡蛋。珍珠鸡蛋是较海兰褐鸡蛋小、壳厚、水分含量低、营养丰富的浓缩型蛋,为珍珠鸡蛋的蛋品开发创造了条件。